Wednesday, 29 June 2016

Current Affairs February 2015 For IAS Prepation {Budjet Specail}

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UNION BUDGER -2015


Union Budget 2015 Finance Minister Shri Arun Jaitley has said that the Indian Economy has turned around dramatically in the last nine months with the real GDP growth expected to accelerate to 7.4% making India the fastest growing large economy in the world.

Presenting the General Budget for the year 2015-16 in Lok Sabha today, he said macro-economic stability has been restored and conditions have been created for sustainable poverty elimination, job creation and durable double digit economic growth.

Shri Jaitley specifically talked about three key achievements of the Government, the Jan Dhan Yojana which brought over 12.5 crores families into financial mainstream in a short period of 100 days, transparent coal block auctions to augment resources of the states and ‘Swachh Bharat’ which has become a movement to regenerate India.

Shri Jaitley said that India has now embarked on two more game changing reforms which are GST and the JAM Trinity-Jan Dhan, Aadhar and Mobile-to implement direct transfer of benefits.

He added that GST will put in place a state-of-the art indirect tax system by 1st April 2016 while the JAM Trinity will allow transfer benefits in a leakage-proof, well-targetted and cashless manner.

Describing the declining inflation as one of the major achievements of the Government, the Finance Minister said that this represents a structural shift.

He said CPI inflation is expected to remain at close to 5% by the end of the year which will allow further easing of monetary policy.

Shri Jaitley said a Monetary Policy Framework Agreement has been concluded with the RBI to keep inflation below 6%.

Stating that while based on the new series, estimated GDP growth for 2014-15 is 7.4%, Shri Jaitley said growth in the next financial year is expected to be between 8 to 8.5% and aiming for a double-digit rate seems feasible very soon.

The Minister underlined that India has to think in terms of a quantum jump.

He said the year 2022 will be the Amrut Mahotsav, the 75th year, of India’s independence.

He added the vision of what the Prime Minister has called ‘Team India’ led by the States and guided by the Central Government should include a roof for each family which will require to complete two crore houses in urban areas and four crore houses in rural areas with each house having 24 hour power supply, clean drinking water, a toilet and road connectivity.

He said, the vision includes that at least one member from each family should have access to the means of livelihood, substantial reduction in poverty, electrification of the remaining 20,000 villages including off-grid solar power by 2020, connecting each of the 1,78,000 un-connected habitation, providing medical services in each village and city, ensuring a Senior Secondary School within 5 km reach of every child, strengthening rural economy-increase irrigated area, ensuring communication connectivity to all villages, to make India, the manufacturing hub of the world through Skill India and the Make in India Programmes, encourage and grow the spirit of entrepreneurship and development of Eastern and North Eastern regions on par with the rest of the country.

The Finance Minister counted five major challenges faced by the Indian economy which are agricultural income under stress, weak private sector investment in infrastructure, decline in manufacturing, resource crunch in view of higher devolution in taxes to states and maintaining fiscal discipline. Shri Jaitley assured that the country will meet the challenging fiscal deficit target of 4.1% of GDP, that the Government had inherited.

Talking about the fiscal roadmap Shri Jaitley said that the Government is firm to achieve fiscal target of 3% of GDP.

He added that the journey for fiscal deficit target of 3% will be achieved in three years rather than two years.

Stating that the Government is committed in its resolve, as Indians, to regain its pre-eminence as a just and compassionate country, Shri Jaitley said that what is needed is a well targeted system of subsidy delivery.

He emphasized on need to cut subsidy leakages, to achieve which the Government is committed to the process of rationalizing subsidies. He said the direct transfer of benefits, started mostly in scholarship schemes, will be further expanded with a view to increasing the number of beneficiaries from the present 1 crore to 10.3 crore.

Reiterating that the Government’s commitment to farmers runs deep, the Finance Minister proposed to fully support Agriculture Ministry’s organic farming scheme – “Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana”. Stating that the Pradhanmantri Gram Sinchai Yojana is aimed at irrigating the field of every farmer and improving water use efficiency to provide ‘ Per Drop More Crop’’ , Shri Jaitley proposed allocation of Rs. 5,300 crore to support micro-irrigation, watershed development and the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchai Yojana.

In order to support the agriculture sector with the help of effective agriculture credit and focus on small and marginal farmers, the Finance Minister proposed to allocate Rs. 25,000 crore to the corpus of Rural Infrastructure Development fund (RIDF) set up in NABARD, Rs. 15,000 crore for Long Term Rural Credit Fund; Rs. 45,000 crore for Short Term Cooperative Rural Credit Refinance Fund; and Rs. 15,000 crore for Short Term RRB Refinance Fund. He said that the Government has set up an ambitious target of Rs. 8.5 lakh crore of agricultural credit.

Stating the Government’s commitment to supporting employment through MGNREGA,

The Minister proposed an initial allocation of Rs. 34,699 crore for the programme.

The Finance Minister proposed to create a Micro Units Development Refinance Agency (MUDRA) Bank, with a corpus of Rs. 20,000 crore, and credit guarantee corpus of 3,000 crore, which will refinance Micro-Finance Institutions through a Pradhan Mantri Mudra Yojana,.

He added that priority will be given to SC/ST enterprises in lending. While showing concern over a large proportion of India’s population being without any kind of insurance, Shri Jaitley said that the soon-to-be- launched Pradhan Mantri Suraksha Bima Yojana, will cover accidental death risk of Rs. 2 lakh for a premium of just Rs. 12 per year.

Similarly, he said, the Government will also launch the Atal Pension Yojana, which will provide a defined pension, depending on the contribution, and its period.

To encourage people to join this scheme, the Government will contribute 50% of the beneficiaries’ premium limited to Rs. 1,000 each year, for five years, in the new accounts opened before 31st December, 2015.

The third Social Security Scheme that the Minister announced is the Pradhan Mantri Jeevan Jyoti Bima Yojana which covers both natural and accidental death risk of Rs. 2 lakhs.

The premium will be Rs. 330 per year, or less than one rupee per day, for the age group 18-50.

Mentioning about unclaimed deposits of about Rs. 3,000 crores in the PPF and approximately Rs. 6,000 crores in the EPF corpus, the Minister said that the amounts will be appropriated to a corpus, which will be used to subsidize the premiums on these social security schemes through creation of a Senior Citizen Welfare fund in the Finance Bill.

He reiterated the Government’s commitment to the on-going schemes for the welfare of SCs, STs and Women.

The Finance Minister underlined the pressing need to increase public investment in infrastructure.

He said that he proposes increased outlays on both the roads and the gross budgetary support to the railways, by Rs. 14,031 crore and Rs. 10,050 crore respectively.

He said the CAPEX of the public sector units is expected to be Rs. 3,17,889 crore, an increase of approximately Rs. 80,844 crore over RE 2014-15. He also proposed to establish National Investment and Infrastructure Fund (NIIF) with an annual flow of Rs. 20,000 crore.

He said that he also intends to permit tax free infrastructure bonds for the projects in the rail, road and irrigation sector.

He said the PPP mode of infrastructure development has to be revisited and revitalized.

Shri Jaitley proposed to establish the Atal Innovation Mission(AIM) in NITI which will provide Innovation Promotion Platform involving academicians, and drawing upon national and international experiences.

A sum of Rs. 150 crore is proposed to be earmarked for the mission.

The Finance Minister said that the Government is establishing a mechanism to be known as SETU (Self-Employment and Talent Utilisation) which will support all aspects of start-up businesses, and other self-employment activities, particularly in technology-driven areas.

Rs. 1,000 crore have been initially earmarked in NITI Aayog for the purpose. Shri Jaitley said the Government also proposes to set up 5 new Ultra Mega Power Projects each of 4000 MWs in the plug-and-play mode.

In order to promote investment in the country, the Minister proposed to set up a Public Debt Management Agency (PDMA) which will bring both India’s external borrowings and domestic debt under one roof.

He also proposed to merge the Forwards Markets Commission with SEBI to strengthen regulation of commodity forward markets and reduce wild speculation.

He said enabling legislation, amending the Government Securities Act and the RBI Act is proposed in the Finance Bill, 2015.

Regarding the Employees Provident Fund (EPF), the Minister said the employees need to be provided two options, EPF or the New Pension Scheme (NPS).

He said, for employees below a certain threshold of monthly income, contribution to EPF should be optional, without affecting or reducing the employer’s contribution.

Stating that India is one of the largest consumers of gold in the world, Shri Arun Jaitley proposed to introduce a Gold Monetisation Scheme, which will replace both the present Gold Deposit and Gold metal Loan Schemes.

The New scheme will allow the depositors of gold to earn interest in their metal accounts and the jewelers to obtain loans in their metal account.
Banks/other dealers would also be able to monetize this gold.

He also proposed a Sovereign Gold Bond, as an alternative to purchasing metal gold.

He also announced commencing work on developing Indian Gold Coin, which will carry the Ashok Chakra on its face.

Highlighting need for increasing investments from all sources, the Finance Minister proposed to allow foreign investments in Alternate Investment Funds.

He said in order to catalyze investments from the Indian Private Sector in South East Asia, a Project Development Company will set up manufacturing hubs in Cambodia, Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam. In order to support Programmes for women security, advocacy and awareness, the Minister proposed to provide another Rs. 1,000 crore to the Nirbhaya Fund.

Shri Jaitley said resources will be provided to start work along landscape restoration, signage and interpretation centres, parking, access for the differently abled, visitors’ amenities, including securities and toilets, illumination and plans for benefiting communities around them at various heritage sites.

Expressing concern over environmental degradation, the Minister said that the target of renewable energy capacity has been revised to 1,75,000 MW till 2022.

He said the Government is also launching a Scheme for Faster Adoption and manufacturing of Electric Vehicles (FAME) with an initial outlay of Rs. 75 crore.

The Minister emphasized on formal skill training and said the Government will soon launch a National Skills Mission which will consolidate skill initiatives spread across several Ministries.

He said Rs. 1,500 crore has been set apart for Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gramin Kaushal Yojana.

He proposed to set up a fully IT based Student Financial Aid Authority to administer and monitor Scholarship as well Educational Loan Schemes, through the Pradhan Mantri Vidya Lakshmi Karyakram.

The Minister proposed to set up several New Institutions.

An IIT will be set up in Karnataka and Indian School of Mines, Dhanbad will be upgraded in to a full-fledged IIT.

New All India Institutes of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) will be set up in J&K, Punjab, Tamil Nadu, Himachal Pradesh and Assam.

Another AIIMS like institution will be set up in Bihar.
A post graduate institute of Horticulture Research & Education will be set up in Amritsar.

Three new National Institutes of Pharmaceutical Education and Research will be set up in Maharashtra, Rajasthan and Chattisgarh and one institute of Science and Education Research will be set up in Nagaland and Odisha each.

IIMs will be setup in J&K and Andhra Pradesh.

Shri Jaitley said India is making good progress towards digital India.

He said the National Optical Fibre Network Programme (NOFNP) of 7.5 lakh kms networking 2.5 lakh villages is being further speeded up by allowing willing States to undertake its execution.

The Minister said that in spite of the large increase in the devolution to states, adequate provision is being made for the schemes for the poor with allocation of Rs. 68,968 crore to the education sector including mid-day meals, Rs. 33,152 crore to the health sector and Rs. 79,526 crore for rural development activities including MGNREGA, Rs. 22,407 crore for housing and urban development, Rs. 10,351 crore for women and child development, Rs. 4,173 crore for Water Resources and Namami Gange.

The Minister said that adequate funds have been provided for the needs of the armed forces. As against likely expenditure of this year of Rs. 2,22,370 crore the budget allocation for 2015-16 is Rs. 2,46,727 crore. Shri Arun Jaitley while giving the budget estimates for 2015-16 said Non-Plan expenditure estimates for the Financial Year are Rs. 13,12,220 crore.

Plan expenditure is estimated to be Rs. 4,65,277 crore, which is very near to the R.E. of 2014-15.

Total Expenditure has accordingly been estimated at Rs. 17,77,477 crore.

Gross Tax receipts are estimated to be Rs. 14,49,490 crore. Devolution to the States is estimated to be Rs. 5,23,958 crore. Share of Central Government will be Rs. 9,19,842 crore.

Non Tax Revenues for the next fiscal are estimated to be Rs. 2,21,733 crore.

He said with the above estimates, fiscal deficit will be 3.9 percent of GDP and Revenue Deficit will be 2.8 percent of GDP.

TAX PROPOSALS

The Finance Minister Shri Arun Jaitley has said that a very important dimension to our tax administration is the fight against the scourge of black money.
He said that taxation is an instrument of social and economic engineering.

Tax collections help the Government to provide education, healthcare, housing and other basic facilities to the people to improve their quality of life and to address the problems of poverty, unemployment and slow development.

To achieve these objectives, it has been our endeavour in the last nine months to foster a stable taxation policy and non-adversarial tax administration.

Shri Jaitley said that Goods and Services Tax (GST) introduced in the last Session will play a transformative role in the way our economy functions.

This transformative piece of legislation in indirect taxation needs to be matched with transformative measures in direct taxation.

He said that the rate of corporate tax is proposed to be reduced from 30% to 25% over the next four years. This will lead to higher level of investment, higher growth and more jobs.

The broad things adopted in finalizing the tax proposals include:-

A. Measures to curb black money.
B. Job creation through revival of growth and investment and promotion of domestic                               manufacturing and ‘Make in India’;
C. Minimum government and maximum governance to improve the ease of doing business;
D. Benefits to middle class taxpayers;
E. Improving the quality of life and public health through Swachch Bharat initiatives; and F. Stand alone proposals to maximize benefits to the economy.

Shri Jaitley said that a considered decision has been taken to enact a comprehensive new law on black money to specifically deal with such money stashed away abroad.

The Bill in this regard is proposed to be introduced in the current Session of the Parliament. The key features of the bill will include punishment of rigorous imprisonment up to ten years for concealment of income and assets and evasion of tax in relation to foreign assets.

This offence will be made non-compoundable and offenders will not be permitted to approach the Settlement Commission.

Penalty for such concealment of income and assets at the rate of 300 per cent of tax shall be levied.

Non-filing of return or filing of return with inadequate disclosure of foreign assets will be punishable with rigorous imprisonment up to seven years.
As regards curbing domestic black money, a new and more comprehensive Benami Transactions (Prohibition) Bill will be introduced in the current Session of the Parliament.

Shri Jaitley said that this law will enable confiscation of benami property and provide for prosecution, thus, blocking a major avenue for generation and holding of black money in the form of benami property, especially in real estate.

Quoting of PAN is being made mandatory for any purchase or sale exceeding the value of Rs.1 lakh.

To improve enforcement, CBDT and CBEC will leverage technology and have access to information in each other’s data-base.

Mentioning job creation as the second pillar of taxation proposals Shri Jaitley said that this will be ensured through revival of growth and investment and promotion of domestic manufacturing and ‘Make in India’.

The tax ‘pass through’ is proposed to be allowed to both Category-1 and Category-2 alternative investment fund so that tax is levied on the investors in these funds and not on the funds per se.

To rationalize the capital gain regime for the sponsors exiting at the time of listing of the units of Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) and Infrastructure Investment Trusts (InvITs) subject to payment of Securities Transaction Tax (STT) is proposed, he said.

Permanent Establishment (PE) norm will be modified to encourage fund managers to relocate to India.

The Finance Minister said that General Anti Avoidance Rule (GAAR) will be deferred by two years. It will apply to investments made on or after 01-04-2017, when implemented.

In order to facilitate young entrepreneurs rate of income tax on royalty and fees for technical services will be reduced from 25 per cent to 10 per cent. To generate greater employment opportunities the benefit of deduction for employment of new regular workman to all business entities will be extended.

The eligibility threshold of minimum 100 regular workmen will be reduced to 50.

Recognizing the importance of indirect taxes in the context of promotion of domestic manufacturing and ‘Make in India’, the Finance Minister said basic custom duty on certain inputs, raw materials, intermediates and components in 22 items is proposed to be reduced to minimize the impact of duty evasion.

All goods except populated printed circuit boards for use in manufacture of ITA bound items are proposed to be exempted from SAD.
Subject to actual user condition SAD will be reduced on import of certain other imports and raw materials.

Shri Jaitley said wealth tax is proposed to be abolished and replaced with an additional surcharge of 2 per cent on the super rich with the taxable income of over Rs.1 Crore. With this 2 per cent additional surcharge a collection of Rs.9,000 Crore is targeted against a tax sacrifice of Rs.1,008 Crore.

To eliminate the scope for discretionary exercise of power and provide a hassle-free structure to the tax payers, Shri Jaitley proposed to increase the threshold limit from Rs.5 Crore to Rs.20 Crore.

In order to rationalize the MAT provisions for FIIs, profits corresponding to their income from capital gains on transactions in securities which are liable to tax at a lower rate, shall not be subject to MAT, Shri Jaitley said.

Education cess and the Secondary and Higher education cess is proposed to be subsumed in central excise duty.

The general rate of central excise duty of 12.36 per cent including the cesses will be rounded off to 12.5 per cent.

The Ad-valorem rates of excise duty lower than 12 per cent and those higher than 12 per cent with a few exceptions are not proposed to be increased.

Excise duty on foot-wears with leather uppers and having retail price of more than Rs.1,000 per pair is proposed to be reduced to 6 per cent.

Shri Jaitley said on-line central excise and service tax registration will be done in two working days.

As a measure of business facilitation time limit for CENVAT credit on inputs and input services to be increased from 6 months to one year. Service tax plus education cess is proposed to be increased from 12.36 per cent to 14 per cent to facilitate transaction to GST.

Shri Jaitley said that cleanliness of households and clean environment are very important social causes.

As an initiative to Swachh Bharat Abhiyan Shri Jaitley proposed 100 per cent reduction for contribution, other than by way of CSR contributions, to the Swachh Bharat Kosh.

A similar tax treatment is also proposed for the Clean Ganga Fund, he said. Shri Jaitley proposed an increase in clean energy cess from Rs.100 to Rs.200 per metric tonne of coal, etc. to finance clean environment initiatives.
He further said that excise duty of sacks and bags of polymers of ethylene other than for industrial use is proposed to be increased from 12 per cen to 15 per cent.

He also mentioned an enabling provision to levy Swachh Bharat Cess at the rate of 2 per cent or less on all or certain services if need arises.

Shri Jaitley said that services by common affluent treatment plant will be exempt from service tax.

He also proposed concessions on customs and excise duty available to electrically operated vehicle and hybrid vehicle extended up to 31-03-2016. The Finance Minister proposed no change in the rate of personal income tax and rate of tax for companies in respect of income earned in the finance year 2015-16, assessable in Assessment Year 2016-17.

Shri Jaitley proposed to levy a surcharge @ 12 per cent on individuals, HUFs, AOPs, BOIs, artificial juridical persons, firms, cooperative societies and local authorities having income exceeding Rs.1 Crore.

Surcharge in the case of domestic companies having income exceeding Rs.1 Crore and up to Rs.10 Crore is proposed to be levied @ 7 per cent and surcharge @ 12 per cent is proposed to be levied on domestic companies having income exceeding Rs.10 Crore.

He further proposed that in the case of foreign companies the surcharge will continue to be levied @ 2 per cent if the income exceeds Rs.1 Crore and is up to Rs. 10 Crore, and @ 5 per cent if the income exceeds Rs.10 Crore. It is also proposed to levy a surcharge @ 12 per cent as against current rate of 10 per cent on additional income tax payable by companies on distribution of dividends and buyback of shares, or by mutual funds and securitization trusts on distribution of income.

The education cess on income tax @ 2 per cent for fulfilment of the commitment of the Government to provide and finance universalized quality based education and 1 per cent of additional surcharge called ‘Secondary and Higher EducationCess’ on tax and surcharge is proposed to be continued for the financial year 2015-16 for all taxpayers, the Minister said.

Describing the extension of benefits to middle class tax payers as the priority of the government.

Shri Jaitley proposed the following concessions:- A. Increase in the limit of deduction in respect of health insurance premium from Rs.15,000 to Rs.25,000.
(1) For senior citizens the limit will stand increased to Rs.30,000 from the existing   Rs.20,000.
(2) For very senior citizens of the age of 80 years or more, who are not covered by health insurance, deduction of Rs.30,000 towards expenditure incurred on the treatment will allowed.
B. The deduction limit of Rs.60,000 towards expenditure on account of specified diseases of serious nature is proposed to be enhanced to Rs.80,000 in case of very senior citizens.

C. Additional deduction of Rs.25,000 will be allowed for differently abled persons under Section 80DD and Section 80U of the Income-tax Act.

D. The limit on deduction on account of contribution to a Pension Fund and the New Pension Scheme is proposed to be increased from Rs.1 lakh to Rs.1.5 lakh.

E. To provide social safety net and the facility of pension to individuals and additional deduction of Rs.50,000 is proposed to be provided for contribution to the New Pension Scheme under Section 80 CCD.

This will enable India to become a pensioned society instead of a pensionless society.

F. Investments in Sukanya Samriddhi Scheme is already eligible for deduction under Section 80C. All payments to the beneficiaries including interest payment on deposit will also be fully exempt.

G. Transport allowance exemption is being increased from Rs.800 to Rs.1,600 per month.

H. For the benefit of senior citizens, service tax exemption will be provided on Varishta Bima Yojana. Mentioning change, growth, jobs and genuine effective up-liftment of the poor and the under-privileged as Government’s commitment and re-affirming its commitment to the Constitutional principles of equality and justice for all without concern for caste, creed or religion, Shri Jaitley ended his budget speech with the Upanishad-inspired mantra.

National Science Day - 28th February.

A Growth Rate of over 8 Per Cent Expected for the Coming Year: Govt

Major Reform Initiatives Undertaken by Government in Banking, Insurance and Financial Sector:

Economic Survey 2014- 15 states that liquidity conditions (money supply) have remained broadly balanced during 2014-2015 except for some temporary tight conditions due to delayed government expenditure. Steps taken by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) played a positive role in managing the liquidity conditions.

  • Till January 2015, RBI had kept the policy rates unchanged. As inflationary conditions eased, RBI softened the monetary policy by cutting the Repo rates by 25 basis points in January 2015 (from 8% to 7.75%).
  •  The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) also adopted new Consumer Price Index (combined) as the measure for nominal anchor (Headline CPI) for policy communication.
Economic Survey 2014- 15 also mentions about the many reform initiatives undertaken in the banking sector during 2014- 2015. These include:

1. Banks being allowed to raise capital from the market to meet capital adequacy norms by diluting the government’s stake up to 52 per cent.

2. Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojana launched to provide universal access to banking facilities with at least one basic banking account for every household.

3. In April 2014, two applicants have been granted ‘in principle’ approval to set-up new banks in the private sector within 18 months.

4. RBI released guidelines and invited applications for setting up payments banks and local area banks.

According to Economic Survey, FY 2014- 2015 saw some stress on the asset quality of the Scheduled Commercial Banks as there was an increase in gross NPA (Non Performing Advances) to the total gross advances.

NPA increased from 4.1 %( March 2014) to 4.5 %( September 2014). As on June 2014 , five subsectors, viz. Infrastructure, Textiles, Iron & Steel, Mining and aviation hold 54% of total stressed advances of Public Sector Banks.

Actions taken by RBI to deal with NPAs:

1. Issued guidelines, prompting banks to act as soon as a sign of stress is noticed in borrower’s actions and not to wait for it to become a NPA.

2. Tightened norms to Asset Reconstruction Companies, increasing the minimum investment in security receipts to 15% from 5%.

3. Issued guidelines to bring flexibility in project loans to infrastructure and core industry projects.

2014- 2015 also saw a decline in the growth of bank credit due to high accretion of NRI deposits and also due to low deposit mobilization Economic Survey points out that insurance penetration in India has grown from 2.3% in 2000 t0 3.9% in 2013.

This insurance penetration level compares well with the emerging market economies.

The sector registered a growth of 9.4% during 2013- 14 with Life Insurance Corporation of India registering 13.5 % growth.

Reform initiatives in Insurance sector during 2014- 2015

Promulgation of Insurances Laws (Amendment) Ordinance 2014 :

To remove archaic and redundant provisions in insurance laws.

Empowering Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority to enable more effective regulation.

To increase the foreign equity cap in Indian Insurance Companies from 26% to 49%.

Equity Markets continue to do well for the financial year 2014- 2015 as per the Economic Survey 2014- 15.

The benchmark indices, BSE Sensex and Nifty showed a general upward trend in the current year with growth rates of 29.9 % and 31.4 % year on year.

Reform initiatives in financial sector during 2014- 2015

 Improvement in Corporate Governance norms
 Establishment of a foreign portfolio investor for better functioning of both primary and secondary markets.

Overall Economic Survey 2014-15 talks about increased financial inclusion, improved insurance penetration and fast growing equity markets in India. It also dwells into the problems faced by the banking sector and the major policy initiatives by the government to enable the growth of banking, insurance and financial sectors.  

The Railway Minister said, one of the biggest problems faced by the common man intending to travel in unreserved class is purchasing a ticket. He said, the Railways is introducing ‘Operation Five Minutes’ to ensure that a passenger travelling unreserved can purchase a ticket within five minutes.

Finance Ministry to Provide Budgetary Support of Rs 40,000 Crore for the Railway’s Annual Plan.

At the 57th Grammy Awards held on Sunday February 8, 2015 night in Los Angeles, Bangalore based Indian origin musician Ricky Kej won the best new age album award for his album ‘Winds of Samsara’, which was his collaboration with African flautist Wouter Kellerman.

After that Union Finance Minister Arun Jaitley had appealed to bank employee unions to call off their proposed strike as talks were being held for their wage revision.

  • In today’s talks with Indian Banks’ Association (IBA), wage revision has been settled at 15% with effect from November 2012.
  •  The bank employees will now also get holidays on two Saturdays in a month.  The banks, however, will work full-day on remaining Saturdays instead of the current practice of half-day.
“Birdman”, surreal comedy about an aging superstar, claimed the best picture Oscar besides best director and original screenplay.

The film also walked away with best cinematography award.

British star Eddie Redmayne walked away with the best actor trophy for his physically- transformative turn as physicist Stephen Hawking in “The Theory of Everything”.

It was a close call for the 33-year-old star as “Birdman” star Michael Keaton was his most fierce competitor.

Julianne Moore finally won her first Oscar in the best actress category for her poignant portrayal of a mother and academic struggling with early-onset Alzheimer’s disease in “Still Alice”.

JK Simmons won the best supporting actor Oscar for his role as a bullying Jazz instructor in “Whiplash”(hold) Ida from Poland won the best foreign feature film.

Nitish Kumar takes oath as Chief Minister of Bihar.

India secures release of Father Alexis Prem Kumar, from captivity in Afghanistan.

Yuvraj Singh emerged as the costliest cricketer in the IPL 8 players’ auction, bought for a record Rs 16 crore (USD 2.57 million approx) by Delhi Daredevils in Bangalore.

“Vanaj”- National Tribal Festival- 2015 - New Delhi.

The President of India, Shri Pranab Mukherjee will open the annual “Udyanotsav” of Rashtrapati Bhavan on February 13, 2015 (Friday) at 1630 hrs.

Aam Aadmi Party registers spectacular victory in Delhi; Oath taking on 14th Feb.

The Minister for Health & Family Welfare Shri J P Nadda launched the National Deworming initiative aimed to protect more than 24 crore children in the ages of 1-19 years from intestinal worms, on the eve of the National Deworming Day, at Jaipur today. Also present at the function were Shri Rajendra Rathore, Health Minister, Rajasthan.

They administered the deworming tablets to some school going children.

Marathi writer Bhalchandra Nemade chosen for Jnanpith award.

Government Decides to Infuse Rs.6990 Crores in Nine Public Sector Banks.
As per these above mentioned two efficiency criteria, the amount allocated bank-wise is as follows:

Name of the Bank and Amount (Rupees in crore)

1. State Bank of India - 2970
2. Bank of Baroda - 1260
3. Punjab National Bank-870
4. Canara Bank-570
5. Syndicate Bank-460
6. Allahabad Bank-320
7. Indian Bank-280
8. Dena Bank-140
9. Andhra Bank-120

Total: 6990

15th Delhi Sustainable Development Summit.

L.C. Goyal appointed as Home Secretary.

SCOPE HR Summit 2015 begin here in New Delhi.

The Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi has expressed joy over registration of 10 crore citizens, as a part of the PAHAL Yojana.

“Gives me great joy to know that over 10 crore citizens have been registered as a part of the PAHAL Yojana.

A momentous accomplishment. This makes PAHAL Yojana among the largest cash transfer schemes in the world.

Madhusudhan Prasad takes over as new Urban Development Secretary.

The 17th edition of Bharat Rang Mahotsav, Asia’s largest theatre festival, has started in Delhi.

MGNREGA Day - February 2.

Dr. Nandita Chatterjee takes over as new Secretary (Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation).

“Raahgiri day for the persons with disabilities” day - February 1.

Paes-Hingis clinch Australian Open mixed-doubles 2015 title.
38th Raising Day of Indian Coast Guard - February 1, 2015.
LIST OF IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL DAYS IN FEBRUARY 2015:

4 February - World Cancer Day.

6 February - International Day of Zero Tolerance to Female Genital Mutilation.

13 February - World Radio Day 20 February - World Day of Social Justice.

21 February - International Mother Language Day.







Tuesday, 28 June 2016

Current Affairs 2015 January {last year} For UPSC Civil Service Examination



Eminent Cartoonist R.K. Laxman, who immortalised the hapless ‘Common Man’ with his swipes at politicians but without malice, died in Pune on Monday at a private hospital at the age of 94 after Suffering Multi-Organ Failure.

Among other honours bestowed on him are B D Goenka award-Indian Express, Durga Ratan Gold medal- Hindustan Times and Padma Bhushan. For the last several years he had settled down in Pune.

Republic Day Parade – 2015 Awards Announced:

The results of different competitive presentation in the Republic Day Parade – 2015 have been announced by the Ministry of Defence.

Among the Services category, Brigade of Guards Regiment and Sikh Regiment were jointly adjudged the best marching contingents in the Republic Day Parade – 2015.

In the category of Para-Military Forces and other auxiliary marching contingents, Central Industrial Security Force (CISF) contingent has been adjudged the best contingent.

The Income Tax Department has been awarded GOLD by the Government of India under category “Cat-I-Excellence in Government Process Re-engineering” for National Award on e-governance 2014-15.

Disinvestment of Coal India Ltd (CIL) Through OFS Successfully Completed.

India to host next edition of ICC Twenty20 World Cup.

S Jaishankar takes charge as Foreign Secretary

Shekhar Sen appointed as Chairman of Sangeet Natak Akademi

Anti Leprosy Day on 30 January, 2015

Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud, the new King of Saudi Arabia

University of Hyderabad wins visitor’s award for ‘Best University’.

150th birth anniversary of Lala Lajpat Rai - January 28, 2015

Alexis Tsipras sworn in as new Greek prime minister

Tiger population rises to 2,226: Census Report

Below is the list of Padma Awardees 2015 :

Padma Vibhushan Awards list below:

1. Shri L. K. Advani (Public Affairs,Gujarat)
2. Shri Amitabh Bachchan (Art, Maharashtra)
3. Shri Prakash Singh Badal (Public Affairs, Punjab)
4. Dr. D. Veerendra Heggade (Social Work, Karnataka)
5. Shri Mohammad Yusuf Khan alias Dilip Kumar (Art, Maharashtra)
6. Shri Jagadguru Ramanandacharya Swami Rambhadracharya (Others, Uttar Pradesh)
7. Prof. Malur Ramaswamy Srinivasan (Science and Engineering, Tamil Nadu)
8. Shri Kottayan K. Venugopal (Public Affairs, Delhi)
9. Shri Karim Al Hussaini Aga Khan (Foreigner) (Trade and Industry, France/UK)

Padma Bhushan:

1. Shri Jahnu Barua (Art, Assam)
2. Dr. Vijay Bhatkar (Science and Engineering, Maharashtra)
3. Shri Swapan Dasgupta (Literature and Education, Delhi)
4. Swami Satyamitranand Giri (Others, Uttar Pradesh)
5. Shri N. Gopalaswami (Civil Service, Tamil Nadu)
6. Dr. Subhash C. Kashyap (Public Affairs, Delhi )
7. Dr. (Pandit) Gokulotsavji Maharaj (Art, Madhya Pradesh)
8. Dr. Ambrish Mithal (Medicine, Delhi)
9. Smt. Sudha Ragunathan (Art, Tamil Nadu)
10. Shri Harish Salve (Public Affairs, Delhi)
11. Dr. Ashok Seth (Medicine, Delhi)
12. Shri Rajat Sharma (Literature and Education, Delhi)
13. Shri Satpal (Sports, Delhi)
14. Shri Shivakumara Swami (Others, Karnataka)
15. Dr. Kharag Singh Valdiya (Science and Engineering, Karnataka)
16. Prof. Manjul Bhargava (NRI/PIO) (Science and Engineering, USA)
17. Shri David Frawley (Vamadeva) (Foreigner) (Others, USA)
18. Shri Bill Gates (Foreigner) (Social Work, USA)
19. Ms. Melinda Gates (Foreigner) (Social Work, USA)
20. Shri Saichiro Misumi (Foreigner) (Others, Japan)

Padma Shri:

1. Dr. Manjula Anagani (Medicine, Telangana)
2. Shri S. Arunan (Science and Engineering, Karnataka)
3. Ms. Kanyakumari Avasarala (Art, Tamil Nadu)
4. Dr. Bettina Sharada Baumer (Literature and Education, Jammu and Kashmir)
5. Shri Naresh Bedi (Art, Delhi)
6. Shri Ashok Bhagat (Social Work, Jharkhand)
7. Shri Sanjay Leela Bhansali (Art, Maharashtra)
8. Dr. Lakshmi Nandan Bora (Literature and Education, Assam)
9. Dr. Gyan Chaturvedi (Literature and Education, Madhya Pradesh)
10. Prof. (Dr.) Yogesh Kumar Chawla (Medicine, Chandigarh)
11. Smt. Jayakumari Chikkala (Medicine, Delhi)
12. Shri Bibek Debroy (Literature and Education, Delhi)
13. Dr. Sarungbam Bimola Kumari Devi (Medicine, Manipur)
14. Dr. Ashok Gulati (Public Affairs, Delhi)
15. Dr. Randeep Guleria (Medicine, Delhi)
16. Dr. K. P. Haridas (Medicine, Kerala)
17. Shri Rahul Jain (Art, Delhi)
18. Shri Ravindra Jain (Art, Maharashtra)
19. Dr. Sunil Jogi (Literature and Education, Delhi)
20. Shri Prasoon Joshi (Art, Maharashtra)
21. Dr. Prafulla Kar (Art, Odisha)
22. Ms. Saba Anjum (Sports, Chhattisgarh)
23. Smt. Ushakiran Khan (Literature and Education, Bihar)
24. Dr. Rajesh Kotecha (Medicine, Rajasthan)
25. Prof. Alka Kriplani (Medicine, Delhi)
26. Dr. Harsh Kumar (Medicine, Delhi)
27. Shri Narayana Purushothama Mallaya (Literature and Education, Kerala)
28. Shri Lambert Mascarenhas (Literature and Education, Goa)
29. Dr. (Mrs.) Janak Palta McGilligan (Social Work, Madhya Pradesh)
30. Shri Veerendra Raj Mehta (Social Work, Delhi)
31. Shri Tarak Mehta (Art, Gujarat)
32. Shri Neil Herbert Nongkynrih (Art, Meghalaya)
33. Shri Chewang Norphel (Others, Jammu and Kashmir)
34. Shri T. V. Mohandas Pai (Trade and Industry, Karnataka)
35. Dr.Tejas Patel (Medicine, Gujarat)
36. Shri Jadav Molai Peyang (Others, Assam)
37. Smt. Bimla Poddar (Other, Uttar Pradesh)
38. Dr. N. Prabhakar (Science and Engineering, Delhi)
39. Dr. Prahalada (Science and Engineering, Maharashtra)
40. Dr. Narendra Prasad (Medicine, Bihar)
41. Shri Ram Bahadur Rai (Literature and Education, Delhi)
42. Ms. Mithali Raj (Sports, Telangana)
43. Shri P. V. Rajaraman (Civil Service, Tamil Nadu)
44. Prof. J. S. Rajput (Literature and Education, Uttar Pradesh)
45. Shri Kota Srinivasa Rao (Art, Andhra Pradesh) 46. Prof. Bimal Roy (Literature and Education, West Bengal).
47. Shri Shekhar Sen (Art, Maharashtra)
48. Shri Gunvant Shah (Literature and Education, Gujarat)
49. Shri Brahmdev Sharma (Bhaiji) (Literature and Education, Delhi)
50. Shri Manu Sharma (Literature and Education, Uttar Pradesh)
51. Prof. Yog Raj Sharma (Medicine, Delhi)
52. Shri Vasant Shastri (Science and Engineering, Karnataka)
53. Shri S. K. Shivkumar (Science and Engineering, Karnataka)
54. Ms. P. V. Sindhu (Sports, Telangana)
55. Shri Sardara Singh (Sports, Haryana)
56. Ms. Arunima Sinha (Sports, Uttar Pradesh)
57. Shri Mahesh Raj Soni (Art, Rajasthan)
58. Dr.Nikhil Tandon (Medicine, Delhi)
59. Shri H. Thegtse Rinpoche (Social Work, Arunachal Pradesh)
60. Dr.Hargovind Laxmishanker Trivedi (Medicine, Gujarat)
61. Shri Huang Baosheng (Foreigner) (Others, China)
62. Prof. Jacques Blamont (Foreigner) (Science and Engineering, France)
63. Late Shri Syedna Mohammad Burhanuddin (Posthumous) (Others, Maharashtra)
64. Shri Jean-Claude Carriere (Foreigner) (Literature and Education, France)
65. Dr. Nandrajan “Raj” Chetty (NRI/PIO) (Trade and Industry, USA)
66. Shri George L. Hart (Foreigner) (Others, USA)
67. Jagat Guru Amrta Suryananda Maha Raja (NRI/PIO) (Others, Portugal)
68. Late Shri Meetha Lal Mehta (Posthumous) (Social Work, Rajasthan)
69. Ms. Tripti Mukherjee (NRI/PIO) (Art, USA)
70. Dr. Dattatreyudu Nori (NRI/PIO) (Medicine, USA)
71. Dr. Raghu Rama Pillarisetti (NRI/PIO) (Medicine, USA)
72. Dr. Saumitra Rawat (NRI/PIO) (Medicine, UK)
73. Prof. Annette Schmiedchen (Foreigner) (Literature and Education, Germany)
74. Late Shri Pran Kumar Sharma alias Pran (Posthumous) (Art, Delhi )
75. Late Shri R. Vasudevan (Posthumous) (Civil Service, Tamil Nadu).

  • USA to assist in development of smart cities in UP, Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh.
  • 118th birth anniversary of Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose - January 23.
  • Saudi Arabia’s King Abdullah died early on Friday January 23, 2015 and his brother Salman became king.
  •  The International Monetary Fund said India is expected to grow at 6.3% this year and 6.5% in 2016, crossing China’s projected growth rate by then, also adding that while the new government’s reforms are promising, their implementation is key.
  • European Commission Lifts Ban on Import of Mangoes from India.
  •  Bibek Debroy takes over as member NITI Aayog Banks open 11.5 cr accounts under Pradhan Mantri Jan Dhan Yojna. Jan Dhan Yojana Makes Its Mark In Guinness Book Of World Records.
  • South Africa’s AB de Villiers hit the fastest century in one-day internationals against the West Indies in Johannesburg. The 30-year-old South African captain reached three figures in just 31 balls, beating the 36 mark reached by New Zealand’s Corey Anderson.
  • 2nd National Investigation Agency Day Celebrated on Jan 20, 2015.
  •  The Government of India has launched this ‘Venture Capital Fund for Scheduled Castes’ with initial capital of Rs. 200 crore. IFCI Ltd. will act as Sponsor, Settler and Asset Management Company (AMC) / Nodal Agency to operate the scheme. The IFCI Ltd. would contribute Rs.50 crore which would comprise Rs.5.00 crore as sponsor and Rs. 45 crore as investor.
  • JBIC (Japan Bank for International Cooperation) Survey Ranks India as No. 1 Destination for Future Investments.
  • The third ship of the Landing Craft Utility (LCU) Mk IV project, Yard 2094, for the Indian Navy was launched at an impressive ceremony at Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers Ltd (GRSE.
  • RBI cuts repo rates by 25 basis points - Encouraged by softening inflation, the RBI on Thursday decided to cut the benchmark interest rate by 0.25 per cent to 7.75 per cent with a view to boost growth.
  • India’s open water swimmer Bhakti Sharma has set a world record by swimming 1.4 miles in 52 minutes in one degree temperature at Antarctic Ocean. Bhakti Sharma is now the world’s youngest and Asia’s first girl to achieve this feat. Bhakti has now conquered all the five oceans of the world.
  • 67th Army Day January 15, 2015.
  • Harishankar Brahma Appointed as the New Chief Election Commissioner in the Election Commission.
  • Reserve Bank of India Governor Raghuram Rajan has won “Governor of the Year” in the Central Banking Awards for 2015. This is Rajan’s 2nd major award and he had earlier won the “Best Central Bank Governor” award for 2014 by Euromoney magazine.
  •  ISRO’s Mars Orbiter Team Wins 2015 US-based Space Pioneer Award.
  •  Alur Seelin Kiran Kumar appointed as new Chairman of ISRO Idukki in Kerala Becomes the First District of India with Complete Rural Broadband Coverage.
  • The National Disaster Response Force (NDRF) is celebrating its 10th Raising Day on January 21, 2015.
  • Sindhushree Khullar appointed as NITI Aayog’s CEO.
  • UN Chief Ban Ki-Moon Ban visits Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad.
  • 15 Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Awards Announced For This Year.

The Names and the Countries of the Awardees are as follows:

1. Ms. Mala Mehta from Australia,.
2. Mr. Esop Ghulam from South Africa,
3. Mr. Satyanarayan Nadela from USA (this award will be in absentia)
4. Dr. Kamlesh Lula from the US,
5. Mr. Mahendra Nanji Mehta from Uganda,
6. Lord Raj Lumba from the United Kingdom,
7. Prof. Nathuram Puri from the United Kingdom,
8. Dr. Sanjay Rajaram from Mexico,
9. Justice Karunakaran from the Seychelles,
10. Mr. Rajamal Para from Oman,
11. Mr. Bharat Kumar Jayantilal Shah from the UAE
12. Mr. Ashraf Pellarkunnmal from UAE,
13. Ms. Nandani Tandon from US,
14. President Donald Ramotar from Guyana and
15. Mr. Kanwaljit Bakshi from New Zealand.

PM Narendra Modi inaugurated the state-of-the-art Dandi Kutir, a museum on the life and works of Mahatma Gandhi in Gujarat’s capital Gandhinagar, on the occasion of the 13th Pravasi Bhartiya Divas (PBD).

PM Modi releases commemorative stamps on 100 years of Gandhi’s return.

The Vice President of India Shri M. Hamid Ansari released a book entitled “The Indian Parliament : A Critical Appraisal” edited by Prof. Sudha Pai and Shri Avinash Kumar of Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi.

New Jersey to host international conference on Hindi in April 2015.

PM Modi Launches Scheme For LED Bulb Distribution in Delhi - Prime Minister Narendra Modi today described the LED bulb as a “Prakash Path” – “way to light,” as he launched a scheme for LED bulb distribution under the domestic efficient lighting programme in Delhi; and a National Programme for LED-based Home and Street Lighting.

Noted economist Arvind Panagariya, who has been appointed as the first Vice-Chairman of the newly-created NITI Aayog.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi on Friday dedicated a digital village named Akodara to the nation. The digital village has been developed by ICICI bank and was launched at an event to commemorate 60 years of ICICI Group.

The 102nd session of Indian Science Congress at Mumbai University (Maharashtra) will commence from 3rd January, 2015 after its formal inauguration by Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi. The 05 day event will see deliberations and presentation of papers by the Scientific fraternity from across the globe.

Two Days’ “Retreat for Banks and Financial Institutions” Called “GYAN SANGAM” to be Inaugurated by Jayant Sinha.

Two days’ “Retreat for Banks and Financial Institutions” called “ज्ञान संगम” “Gyan Sangam” would be inaugurated by Shri Jayant Sinha, Minister of State for Finance at National Institute of Banking Management (NIBM), Pune, Maharashtra. Participants in the Bankers’ Retreat include Dr. Hasmukh Adhia, Secretary, Department of Financial Services (DFS), Regulators, Officers of the Ministry of Finance, Top Management of all Public Sector Banks (PSBs), Insurance Companies and Financial Institutions (FIs).

Mobile App 'Himmat' For Women's Safety Launched in Delhi.

Government stablishes NITI Aayog (National Institution for Transforming India) to replace Planning Commission.

The NITI Aayog will comprise the following

 Prime Minister of India as the Chairperson
 Governing Council comprising the Chief Ministers of all the States and Lt. Governors of Union Territories
 Regional Councils will be formed to address specific issues and contingencies impacting more than one state or a region. These will be formed for a specified tenure.
 The Regional Councils will be convened by the Prime Minister and will comprise of the Chief Ministers of States and Lt. Governors of Union Territories in the region. These will be chaired by the Chairperson of the NITI Aayog or his nominee.
 Experts, specialists and practitioners with relevant domain knowledge as special invitees nominated by the Prime Minister

The full-time organizational framework will comprise of, in addition to the Prime Minister as the Chairperson:

 Vice-Chairperson: To be appointed by the Prime Minister
 Members: Full-time
 Part-time members: Maximum of 2 from leading universities research organizations and other relevant institutions in an ex-officio capacity. Part time members will be on a rotational basis.
 Ex Officio members: Maximum of 4 members of the Union Council of Ministers to be nominated by the Prime Minister.
 Chief Executive Officer : To be appointed by the Prime Minister for a fixed tenure, in the rank of Secretary to the Government of India.
 Secretariat as deemed necessary.

NITI Aayog is based on 7 Pillars of Effective governance

1. Pro-people agenda that fulfils the aspirations of the society as well as individual,
2. Pro-active in anticipating and responding to their needs,
3. Participative, by involvement of citizens,
4. Empowering women in all aspects
5. Inclusion of all groups, with special attention to the economically weak (garib), the SC,            ST and OBC communities, the rural sector and farmers (gaon and kisan), youth and all  categories of minorities.
6. Equality of opportunity to our country’s youth,
7. Transparency through the use of technology to make government visible and responsive.
Objectives of NITI Aayog

A.K. Mittal Appointed as Chairman, Railway Board

Based on the recommendations of Appointments Board chaired by the Governor, the Reserve Bank of India (RBI), the Department of Financial Services (DFS), Ministry of Finance, Government of India announced the appointment of MD & CEO of four Nationalised Banks. The appointments announced are as follows:-
Name of the person & present designation and
Name of the Bank where appointed and designation details below:

1. Shri R. Koteeswaran, Executive Director, Bank of India
     Indian Overseas Bank – MD & CEO.
2. Shri Animesh Chauhan, Executive Director, Central Bank
    Oriental Bank of Commerce – MD & CEO.
3. Shri Kishore Kumar Sansi, Executive Director, Punjab & Sind Bank
    Vijaya Bank – MD & CEO.
4. Shri P. Srinivas, Executive Director, Bank of Baroda
    United Bank of India – MD & CEO.

The appointment of the above MD & CEOs is for a period of three years or till the date of superannuation, whichever is earlier.

List of Important International Days in January 2015.


27 January - International Day of Commemoration in Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust.

28 th june 2016 Current Affairs for UPSC Civil Service Examination



Date : 28/06/2016

Expanded Panama Canal Re opens

Newly renovated and expanded Panama Canal was reopened by the Panamanian President, Juan Carlos Varela.

After the launch a giant Chinese container ship Cosco become the first vessel to move via the newly-enlarged Panama Canal from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean.

The expanded Panama Canal will allow a new, much-larger generation of container ships to pass through the isthmus of Panama.

About Panama Canal Expansion Project:

The Panama Canal expansion project was approved in October 2006 after it was favoured by the national referendum by a 76.8% majority.

The project formally began in 2007 and was due to finish in 2014. But its completion was delayed by two years and it is estimated cost was $50 billion.

Panama Canal expansion project is also called as the Third Set of Locks Project. The new lane of the canal runs for 77km.

It doubles the existing capacity of the Panama Canal by adding a new lane of traffic allowing for a larger number of ships.

It also increases the depth and width of the lanes and locks allowing much-larger generation of container ships to pass.

It also has raised the maximum operating water level of Gatun Lake. Overall it will have a direct impact on economies of scale and international maritime trade.

About Panama Canal:

The Panama Canal is an artificial 77 km waterway that connects the Atlantic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean.

The canal cuts across the Isthmus of Panama and is a key conduit for international maritime trade.

Strategically and economically it is one of the most important waterways in the world providing the shortest sea link between East Asia, North America and Europe.

Its opening in 1914 had provided alternative route to lengthy sea voyage around the southernmost tip of South America via the Drake Passage or Strait of Magellan.

France had started work on the canal in 1881, but stopped it due to engineering problems and a high worker mortality rate.  Later US took over the project in 1904 and opened it in August 1914.


The canal was taken over or completely nationalised by the Panamanian government in 1999. Now it is managed and operated by the Panamanian government-owned Panama Canal Authority.

CSIR launches India’s first anti diabetic ayurvedic drug BGR -34:

Image result for anti diabetic drugs ayurverda

The Council for Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR) has launched BGR-34, an anti-diabetic ayurvedic drug designed for type 2 Diabetes mellitus.

The anti-diabetic ayurvedic drug BGR-34 has been jointly developedby National Botanical Research Institute (NBRI) and Central Institute for Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CIMAP).

About BGR-34

BGR-34 works by controlling blood sugar and limiting the harmful effects and toxicity of other drugs.

It contains 34 identified active phyto-constitutes from herbal resources.

It has been economically priced at 5 rupees per tablet as compared to latest DPP4 inhibitors globally.

About Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR)

CSIR is an autonomous body and the largest research and development (R&D) organisation in India.

It was established in 1942. It operates as an autonomous body registered under the Registration of Societies Act of 1860.

It is mainly funded by the Union Ministry of Science and Technology.

CSIR’s R&D activities include aerospace engineering, ocean sciences, structural engineering, metallurgy, life sciences, chemicals, mining, food, petroleum, leather, and environment.

Jitu Rai wins silver medal in ISSF World Cup:


Ace Indian shooter Jitu Rai won silver medal at the ISSF (International Shooting Sport Federation) Shooting World Cup held in Baku, Azerbaijan.
In the final match, Rai shot 199.5 score to bag the silver medal in men’s 10m air pistol. He pipped three-time Olympic champion Jongoh Jin of South Korea to win silver medal.

In the men’s 10m air pistol event Brazilian shooter Felipe Almeida Wu won the gold medal, and South Korea’s Jin Jongoh won the bronze medal.

It was Jitu Rai’s second medal in a World Cup 2016 season and earlier had won the gold medal in the free pistol event in the first World Cup held in Bangkok, Thailand.

He already has qualified for the 2016 Rio Olympics after he had won silver medal in the 50m Free Pistol event in 2014 at the World Championships in Granada.






Wednesday, 15 June 2016

How to Prepare UPSC CIVILS Mains 2016 Examination and Syllabus Details

Image result for civil services mains syllabus



















UPSC Civil Service Main Examination Syllabus 2016 Below:

Main Examination Pattern - Discriptive Type.

Total Papers - 9

Qualifying Papers - 2 { These 2 Papers Marks are not counted in the Merit list of the Main Examination.}.

More Details About Qualifying Papers:

Part -A: Language { Select any one Modren Indian Language From the 8th Shedule of Constitution.}.

Syllabus of  Paper - A Below:

1. Comprehension of Given Passages.
2. Precis Writing.
3. Usage and Vocabulary.
4. Short Essay.
5. Translation From English to the Indian Language.

Marks: 300.

Paper -B:  English 

Syllabus of Paper -B Below:

1. Comprehension of Given Passages.
2.Precis Writing.
3.Usage and Vocabulary.
4.Short Essay.

Marks: 300.

Then we will discuss about rest of the 7 Papers Details Below:

Paper I - Essay .

Marks: 250.

Paper II : General Studies I {Indian Heritage and Culture, History and Geography of the World and Society}.

Marks: 250.

Paper III : General Studies II {Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice and International Relations}.

Marks: 250.

Paper IV: General Studies III {Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security and Disaster Management}.

Marks: 250.

Paper V: General Studies IV {Ethics, Integrity,and Aptitude}.

Marks: 250.

Paper VI and VII are Optional Subjects Full Details Below:

Paper VI: Paper I {Optional Subject}

Marks : 250.

Paper VII: Paper II {Optional Subject}

Marks: 250.

Total 7 Papers Mains Exam will be 1750 Marks Only.

Refference Books and Notes For Preparation Below:

1. Modren Indian History: Spectrum.
2.Culture: Nitin Singania Notes.
3.Post-Independence: 12th NCERT Politics.
4.NCERT 12th Indian Society Books.
5. Read Current Social Events.
6. World Physical Geography - GC Leong and Insights Geography Hand written Notes.
7.World History: Vaji Notes.
8. Polity: Laxmi Kanth M Book.
9. Read Yogana.

Note:  Very Important Read News Paper Daily and Prepare Your Own Current Affairs Notes.

Some Tips For Mains Writting:

1. Before the write Answer Read the question Carefully, then write your Opinion simple and specific.
2. Justify:  Explain the your Opinion { stand} to your Examinar.
3. Finally Conclusion.